Sports stadiums are becoming bigger, louder, and more exciting. With so many people in one area, it takes quite a bit of planning and work to pull off an event successfully. This is where facility and event management comes in.
Perfect for both undergraduate and graduate level courses, Facility and Event Management covers everything from the history of sport facilities, to the construction of new stadiums, to customer service, and booking events.
Available in print and eBook editions, Facility and Event Management by Jeffrey Petersen, Larry Judge, and John Miller:
Preface
Primary Authors
Chapter 1 History of Sport Facilities and Events
Introduction
Sport Events and Facilities in Ancient Greece
Ancient Olympia
Rome
Amphitheaters
Circuses and Circus Maximus
Panathenaic Stadium—A Bridge from Past to Present
Historic Facilities in America
Development of Sport Facilities in the United States
History of Key Sport Events
World Cup
Super Bowl
Place Attachment
History of Facility/Event Management as a Profession
Professional Organizations
International Facility Management Association (IFMA)
International Association of Venue Managers (IAVM)
Stadium Managers Association (SMA)
College Event and Facility Management Association (CEFMA)
Association of Luxury Suite Directors (ALSD)
National Center for Spectator Sports Safety & Security (NCS4)
National Association of Sport Commissions (NASC)
Th e International Festivals and Event Association (IFEA)
Conclusion
Chapter Discussion Questions
Suggested Activites
Mini Case Study
Practitioner Spotlight
References
Chapter 2 Types of Facilities and Events in Sport
Introduction
Sport Facilities
Stadiums
Racing Venues
Arenas
The Field House
Indoor Practice Facilities
Gyms and Gymnasiums
Natatoriums and Aquatic Facilities
Recreation Centers
The Sportsplex
Sport Events
Stand-Alone Events
League Events
Tour Events
Sport Festivals
Conclusion
Chapter Discussion Questions
Mini Case Study
Practitioner Spotlight
References
Appendix A
Chapter 3 Basic Management Theories and Perspectives
Introduction
Process
Adam Smith
JB Say
Frederick Taylor
Peter Drucker
W. Edwards Deming
People
Robert Owen
Elton Mayo
Abraham Maslow
Douglas McGregor
Frederick Herzberg
Victor Vroom
Daniel Goleman
Conclusion
Chapter Discussion Questions
Mini Case Study
Practitioner Spotlight
References
Chapter 4 Strategic Planning and Budgeting
Introduction
Role of Strategy in the Business Plan
Comprehensive Master Plan
Strategic Facility Plan
Integrated Planning
Facility Planning Committee
Responsibilities of the Strategic Planning Committee
Surveys and Interviews
Scenario Planning
Systematic Layout Planning (SLP)
SMART Process
Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threat (SWOT) Analysis
Strategic Creative Analysis (SCAN)
Benchmarking and Review of Current Offerings
Emerging Trends and Issues
Organizational Philosophy
Facility Accessibility Issues
Facility Stainability Issues
External Forces
Developing and Communicating the Strategic Plan
Budgeting
Budget Preparing
Budget Planning Factors
Fixed Costs versus Variable Costs
Typical Expense Categories
Event Revenue
Classification and Types of Budget
Master Budget
Operating Budget
Financial Budget
Budget Development Methods
Line Item Budget
Performance Budget
Program Budget
Zero Based Budgeting (ZBB)
Planning-Programming-Budgeting-Evaluation System (PPBES)
Capitol Expenditure Budget
Cash Budget
Budget Preparations
Conclusion
Key Learning Points
Chapter Discussion Questions
Mini Case Study
Practitioner Spotlight
References
Appendix 4.1
Chapter 5 Managing Human Capitol
Introduction
I. The Staffing Process— Job Analysis, Recruitment, and Selection
Legal Regulations
Job Analysis
Job Descriptions
Attracting Potential Applicants
Selecting an Appropriate Candidate
Interviews—Style and Content
Illegal Inquiries
Worker Classifications
Exempt versus Non-Exempt Employees
Volunteers
II. Managing Employee Performance and Development
Discipline
Training and Development
Method of Training
III. Employee Well-Being
Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (OSHA)
Workplace Violence
Negligent Hiring
Employee Wellness Programs/Employee Assistance Programs (EAP)
IV. Employee Compensation and Benefit Packages
Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938
Employee Benefit
Unemployment Insurance
Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 (FMLA)
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
Conclusion
Key Learning Points
Mini Case Study
Chapter Discussion Questions
Practitioner Spotlight
References
Chapter 6 Facility Construction/Planning Process and Building Life Cycle
Introduction
Facility Concept Design
Design Principles
Architect Involvement
Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) Systems
Lighting
Life Cycle Planning
Life Cycle Cost Analysis
Basic Life Cycle Analysis Calculation
Basic Formula for Calculating Life Cycle Cost
Life Cycle Cost Analysis Works for Small Decisions
Simple Formula for Calculating Life Cycle Cost
Life Cycle Cost Analysis Works for Big Decisions
Life Cycle Assessments
Cradle-to-Cradle
Life Cycle Assessment Stages
Facility Space Considerations
Primary Activity Spaces
Multipurpose Sports Fields
Soil Testing
Environmental Considerations
Geographic Location
Multipurpose Indoor Sport Spaces
Multipurpose Unique Offerings
Spectator Seating Issues
Spectator Amenities
Line of Sight
Stadium or Arena Concourse Areas
Ancillary Spaces
Locker Room Considerations
Storage and Equipment Room Considerations
Laundry Rooms
Toilets
Transgender Facilities
Staff Offices
Traffic Flow Issues
Safety Design Considerations
Construction Processes
Phase I—Pre-Planning Phase
Phase II—Programming Phase
Phase III—Schematic Design Phase
Phase IV—Design Development Phase
Phase V—Construction Document Phase
Phase VI—Bidding Phase
Phase VII—Construction Phases
Conclusion
Mini Case Study
Chapter Discussion Questions
Practitioner Spotlight
References
Chapter 7 Facility Maintenance
Introduction
Facility Management Communication
Routine Maintenance
Exterior Inspection Areas
Interior Inspection Areas
Capital Improvement Planning
Purposes of Capital Improvement Planning
Creating a Capital Improvement Plan
Differences between Maintenance Costs and Capital Expenditures
Work Order Systems and Tracking
Tracking
Work Order Software
Increasing Tracking Efficiency
Housekeeping and Custodial Issues
Outsourcing Custodial and Housekeeping Services
Advantages od In-House Custodial Operations
Mechanical Engineers
Flooring Selection and Maintenance
Deciding on a Surface
Properties of Sports Flooring
Differences between Area-Elastic and Point-Elastic Systems
Synthetic Turf Selection and Maintenance
Synthetic Turf Maintenance
Advances in Synthetic Turf
Synthetic Turf Injury Research
Conclusion
Chapter Discussion Questions
Mini Case Study
Practitioner Spotlight
References
Chapter 8 Changeover Management and Temporary Venues
Introduction
Changeover Management
Communication
Planning
Staging
Equipment
Common Types of Changeovers
Practice and Competition
Hockey and Basketball
Arena to Other Sports
Football/Soccer and Baseball
Sport Facility and Other Entertainment
Sport Facility and Formal Events
Temporary Venues
Temporary Venue Comparison
Conclusion
Chapter Discussion Questions
Mini Case Study
Practitioner Spotlight
Management in Action
References
Chapter 9 Sport Facility Safety and Security
Introduction
Safety and Security
Emergency Situation Definition
Emergency Action Plan
Rationale for the Development of an Emergency Action Plan
Emergency Action Plan as a Federal Requirement
Components of an Emergency Action Plan (EAP)
Establishing an Emergency Action Plan
Emergency Action Plan Procedures
Emergency Medical Staffing
Fire
Severe Weather 309
Terrorism
Security Training Issues
Active Shooter
Bomb Threat
Evacuation Procedures
Chapter Discussion Questions
Mini Case Study
Practitioner Spotlight
References
Chapter 10 Customer Service
Introduction
Customer Satisfaction
Customer Categories
Frontline Employee Training
ADA Implications on Customer Service
Going Beyond “Reasonable” for an Overlooked Population
ADA Electronic Accessibility
Parking
Ticketing
Ancillary Services
Merchandizing
Food & Beverage
Conclusion
Practitioner Spotlight
Mini Case Study
References
Chapter 11 Alcohol Management
Introduction
Forecasting Beverage Sales
Forecasting Using Size and Scope Example
Sale Forecasting
Sales Mix
Managing Beverage Cost Percentage
Purchasing Beverage Products
Bottles, Cans, or Cups: Making the Best Choice of Beer Service Containers
Receiving and Storing Beverage Products
Outsourcing of Alcohol Sales at Sports Events
Managing Alcohol Consumption Risks
Tailgating at Sporting Events
Motives to Drink at Sporting Events
Spectator Drinking at Sporting Events
Student Drinking at Sporting Events
Premises Liability
Duty to Control Third Party Acts
Implementation of Alcohol Risk Management Strategies
Recommendations
Conclusion
Chapter Discussion Questions
Mini Case Study
Practitioner Spotlight
References
Chapter 12 Media Support
Introduction
Sport Media
External, Internal, and In-House Media
Credentialing
Television Needs
Radio Needs
Print Media Needs
Professional Organizations
Digital and Social Media
Smartphones and Apps
Twitter
Fantasy Sport Leagues
Internet and Cellular Service Support
LED Placement and Use
Audio Needs and Acoustics
Entertainment vs. Coverage
Conclusion
Practitioner Spotlight
Mini Case Study
Chapter Discussion Questions
References
Chapter 13 Booking and Scheduling Events
Introduction
Booking
Regulation of Booking Agents and Agencies
Scheduling
Gantt Charts
Diverse Scheduling Options
Negotiation the Basic Terms of a Contract
Details of a Contract
Offer
Consideration
Intention
Acceptance
Contract Clauses
Verbal Contracts
Breach of Contract
Damages
Liquidated Damages
Insurance and Indemnification
Insurance
Indemnification
Holding Dates
Hold Date Challenges
Deposits
Non-Refundable Deposit
Riders
Hospitality Rider
The Technical Rider
Security Rider
Merchandise Rider
Timing Schedule/Run of Show
Conclusion
Chapter Discussion Questions
Mini Case Study
Practitioner Spotlight
References
Chapter 14 The Bidding Processes
Introduction
The Basic Steps in the Bidding Process
Specifications
Request for Bids
Bidding
Reviewing the Bids
Awarding the Contract or Bid
Stages of Bidding: RFIs, RFPs and RFBs
RFIs
RFPs
RFBs
Bid Team/Committee
Bid Preparation
Bid and Host Fees
Factors for Successful Bids on Mega-Events
Accountability
Political Support
Relationship Marketing
Ability
Infrastructure
Bid Team Composition
Communication and Exposure
Existing Facilities
General Bidding Information
NCAA Bidding
IOC Bidding
Criteria of a Host City
Benefits of Bidding and Hosting
Legacies
Politics and Bidding
Modern Olympics and Business
Urban Development of Host Cities and the Consequences
Bidding Scandals
Conclusion
Chapter Discussion Questions
Practitioner Spotlight
Mini Case Study
References
Chapter 15 Mega-Events and Sport Festivals
Introduction
Defining Mega-Events
Mega-Event Characteristics and Measures
Positive Impacts of Mega-Events
Negative Impacts of Mega-Events
Evolution of Mega-Events
International and National Sport Festivals
State Games
Facility Considerations
Competitive Venues
Athlete Housing and Dining Facilities
Other Infrastructure Development
Special Considerations for Mega-Events
Conclusion
Mini Case Study
Chapter Discussion Questions
Practitioner Spotlight
References
Chapter 16 Tour and League Events
Introduction
Sport League Organization
Development of American League-Based Sports
Special Considerations for Leagues
Tour Events
INDYCar Series
WTA Tour
Impact of Tour Events
Special Considerations for Tour Events
Volunteerism in Tour and League Events
Customer Satisfaction in Tour and League Events
Cross Over of League and Tour Events
Conclusion
Mini Case Study
Chapter Discussion Questions
Practitioner Spotlight
References
Chapter 17 Facility and Event Impact and Legacy
Introduction
Facility Costs and Financing Trends in the US Professional Leagues
Economic Impact Analysis
Economic Impact Analysis Variables
Misapplication in Economic Impact Analysis
Bias in Economic Impact Analysis
Multipliers
Facility Financing
Legacy
Facility Legacy Examples
Conclusion
Chapter Discussion Questions
Mini Case Study
Practitioner Spotlight
References
Chapter 18 Sport and Recreation Facilities as Leverageable Assets
Introduction
People Make the Place: Why Recruiting Investment Matters
Turnover is Costly: Why Retention Investment Matters
Connecting Recruiting and Retention Efforts to Facilities
How Facilities Can Impact Recruiting
How Facilities Can Impact Retention
Facilities and the Recruitment and Retention of College and University Students
Facilities and the Recruitment and Retention of NCAA Division I Student-athletes
Facilities and the Recruitment and Retention of Sport and Recreation Professionals
Facilities and the Recruitment and Retention of Sport Consumers
Facilities and the Recruitment and Retention of Sport Franchises
Conclusion
Practitioner Spotlight
Technology & Innovation Spotlight
Technology & Innovation Spotlight
Industry Spotlight
Chapter Discussion Questions
Mini Case Study
References
Glossary
Acronyms